Copper Bisglycinate:

A Complete Guide To The Copper Supplement

Welcome to the definitive guide on copper bisglycinate.

If you are exploring health optimization or searching for the best copper supplements, you’ve likely encountered this term. But what sets it apart from all the other options?

Copper bisglycinate is a scientifically advanced, chelated form of the essential trace mineral copper. Its unique structure makes it one of the most effective and gentle ways to supplement this vital nutrient.

This page is your one-stop shop for understanding everything about copper bisglycinate—from its powerful health benefits and superior absorption to its role in balancing other minerals like zinc.

What is Copper Bisglycinate? A Definition

At its simplest, copper bisglycinate is a chelated mineral. This means a copper ion is chemically bonded to two molecules of the amino acid glycine.

This chelation process is key. It creates a stable molecule that is:

  1. Highly Bioavailable: It protects the copper from reacting with other dietary inhibitors in the stomach. This allows it to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream, making it far more effective than other forms.

  2. Gentle on the Stomach: Unlike elemental copper or copper sulfate, which can cause stomach upset, copper bisglycinate is known for being exceptionally gentle on the digestive system.

It is widely considered the most bioavailable form of copper supplement available today.

The Core Health Benefits of Copper Bisglycinate

As a superior source of copper, this supplement supports a vast array of critical bodily functions. Copper is an essential mineral involved in nearly every system of the body.

1. Energy Production & Metabolism

Copper is essential for a healthy metabolism. It plays a vital role in the creation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary source of energy for your cells. Supplementing can help combat fatigue and boost overall metabolic health.

2. Collagen, Bone, and Skin Health

Copper is a crucial cofactor for enzymes that build and repair connective tissue. This includes:

  • Collagen: The main structural protein for skin, bones, and joints.

  • Elastin: Responsible for skin elasticity.

Sufficient copper is essential for healthy skin, hair, and eyes, as well as strong bones.

3. Immune System Support

Your immune system relies on copper to function properly. It’s necessary for the healthy development and function of immune cells that fight off pathogens and manage inflammation.

4. Powerful Antioxidant Properties

Copper is a key component of superoxide dismutase (SOD), one of the body’s most powerful antioxidant enzymes. SOD protects your cells from damage caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

5. Iron Metabolism & Red Blood Cell Health

Copper is essential for iron homeostasis. It helps mobilize iron from your body’s stores and is necessary for hemoglobin synthesis—the process of making red blood cells. A copper deficiency can often look like iron-deficiency anemia.

6. Brain Health & Nerve Function

The brain’s biochemistry is heavily dependent on copper. It’s essential for synthesizing neurotransmitters and maintaining the health of the nervous system, which plays a role in emotional regulation and cognitive function.

7. Cardiovascular & Thyroid Health

Copper supports cardiovascular health by helping to normalize blood pressure and stabilize cholesterol metabolism. Studies show low copper levels are linked to higher LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and triglycerides. It is also vital for balancing thyroid activity.

Signs of Copper Deficiency

While severe deficiency is rare, suboptimal copper levels are common, especially in those with digestive issues or high zinc intake. Signs of potential copper deficiency include:

  • Fatigue and weakness

  • Anemia and iron deficiency

  • Getting sick often (poor immune function)

  • Weak or brittle bones

  • Issues with memory or learning

  • Pale skin and premature graying hair

  • Abnormal cholesterol levels

The Bottom Line: The Best Copper Supplement

Copper bisglycinate stands out as the premier choice for a copper supplement. Its superiority isn’t due to the copper itself, but to the advanced chelation delivery system.

Bonding copper to glycine creates a supplement that is maximally absorbable, gentle on the stomach, and highly effective for restoring copper levels and supporting whole-body health.

If you are looking to optimize your mineral intake, manage a high-zinc supplementation routine, or address a potential deficiency, copper bisglycinate is an excellent, science-backed choice.

Benefits and Risks of High Dose Copper Bisglycinate

Copper is the third most abundant essential trace mineral in the human body, following iron and zinc. Alongside minerals like iodine, boron, and magnesium, its role is complex and often misunderstood. Copper has a long history of use, and in the mid-20th century, it was even administered in high doses to children for therapeutic purposes.

This guide provides an objective analysis of “high-dose” copper, examining its foundational roles in the body, its interaction with other minerals, and the considerations surrounding its potential benefits and risks.

The Essential Role of Copper in Metabolism and Health

Copper is a critical component of numerous physiological functions. It contributes to:

  • A healthy metabolism and immune system
  • Wound healing processes
  • Cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death
  • Balancing thyroid activity
  • The health of hair, skin, and eyes
  • Normal growth and development in fetuses, infants, and children

In metabolic health, copper is involved in stabilizing glucose and cholesterol. Copper deficiencies are linked to increases in serum cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, as well as decreases in glucose tolerance and HDL. Copper also aids in mitigating DNA damage, managing diabetes, and supporting heart and blood vessel function. Furthermore, it is essential for hemoglobin synthesis (the making of red blood cells) and plays a crucial role in iron homeostasis.

Copper, Mitochondria, and Energy Production

Copper functions as a vital component for thousands of enzymes. It helps prevent oxidative stress by participating in the transformation of oxygen into water or other usable metabolites.

This mineral is integral to mitochondrial function, where it facilitates the production of cellular energy (ATP). It is also involved in the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated as byproducts of cellular respiration. Without adequate copper, these critical health processes can be impaired.

Copper-Dependent Enzymes and Deficiency

Enzymes such as cytochrome C oxidase, superoxide dismutase, tyrosinase, and ceruloplasmin all depend on copper to function correctly.

A deficiency in copper can lead to a failure in one or more of these enzymes, potentially resulting in conditions like depigmentation or abnormalities in connective tissue and the vascular system.

It is important to note that most studies on copper deficiency focus on acute, severe deficiencies, which are rare in humans and animals on varied diets. However, marginal or chronic deficiencies are considered more common and may lead to a significant reduction in enzyme activity, even if the overall level of the copper-dependent enzymes does not decrease. Insufficient copper (along with magnesium) could also impair the cells’ ability to create and bind ATP to magnesium, hindering the body’s capacity to use stored energy.

The Critical Link Between Copper and Iron Balance

Copper’s interaction with iron is a critical aspect of its function. Excessive iron in foods, the body, or medicines can lead to toxicity. Sufficient copper levels are essential to help maintain iron homeostasis. It has been suggested that high doses of copper may assist in removing excessive or toxic amounts of iron from tissues and organs.

An Analysis of Copper Toxicity Considerations

While copper is essential, its intake also carries considerations of toxicity.

  • Risk Factors: Ingesting copper in an improper form or in excessive amounts can lead to toxicity. However, due to the body’s homeostatic mechanisms, achieving a toxic dose is difficult. Acute copper poisoning is extremely rare and is primarily associated with intentional overdose.
  • Dietary Toxicity: Chronic dietary copper toxicity is not typically viewed as a significant public health concern. The most common risk is associated with genetic mutations that affect the body’s copper “pumps” (ATP7A and ATP7B), which can lead to copper buildup and dysregulation. It has been suggested that even some of these genetic conditions might be treated with higher doses of copper to correct them.
  • Chronic Exposure: Chronic exposure, such as from handling copper salts or consuming food and water stored in copper vessels, is less studied in humans. Conversely, small amounts of copper exposure have been associated with alleviating conditions like arthritis and improving skin tone.

Wilson’s Disease and Genetic Factors

Wilson’s Disease is the most well-documented disorder of copper toxicity, characterized by an excessive accumulation of copper in the liver and other tissues. It is crucial for any individual to rule out this genetic mutation before considering high doses of copper.

It has also been hypothesized that the toxicity issue in Wilson’s Disease may not be due to the copper itself, but rather to other toxic elements, such as fluoride and chloride, interfering with copper’s function in the body.

Challenges in Measuring Copper Status

Understanding an individual’s copper and iron levels can be complex. Standard testing methods, which focus on blood serum, may not provide a complete picture, as the majority of these minerals reside in the body’s tissues, organs, and bones.

Furthermore, ceruloplasmin (a copper-carrying protein) is an acute-phase reactant, meaning its levels in the blood also elevate in response to disease and inflammation, which can complicate assessments of copper status.

Summary: A Topic of Continued Research

Copper is an indispensable mineral that plays a fundamental role in the body. The discussion around high-dose copper involves balancing its known benefits against its potential risks. While high doses may be beneficial in certain contexts, they should be approached with caution and ideally under the supervision of a qualified professional.

The science surrounding copper deficiency is substantial, and understanding how to optimize copper levels, along with other key minerals, remains an important area of health and nutrition.

References

  1. Copper chelation and interleukin-6 proinflammatory cytokine effects on expression of different proteins involved in iron metabolism in HepG2 cell line https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28118841/
  2. Role of Copper on Mitochondrial Function and Metabolism https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34504870/
  3. Copper and iron disorders of the brain https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17367269/
  4. Studies on copper metabolism. XIV. Copper, ceruloplasmin, and oxidase activity in sera of normal human subjects, pregnant women, and patients with infection, hepatolenticular degeneration and the nephrotic syndrome https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13263429/
  5. The role of ceruloplasmin in iron metabolism https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5480864/
  6. Possible correlation between the zinc and copper concentrations involved in the pathogenesis of various forms of anemia https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2284564/ 
  7. Biochemistry of copper https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5635/
  8. Copper, oxidative stress, and human health https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16112185/
  9. Molecular pathogenesis of Wilson and Menkes disease: correlation of mutations with molecular defects and disease phenotypes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752173/
  10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2945467/
  11. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CMR.00125-18
  12. Essentiality of copper in humans https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9587135/
  13. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/copper-alloy-products.htm
  14. Metallic copper as an Antimicrobial Surface https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3067274/
  15. Antimicrobial properties of copper https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_properties_of_copper
  16. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CMR.00125-18
  17. Turnlund et al., 1998; Larin et al., 1999
  18. Copper transport https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9587137/
  19. Role of Copper on Mitochondrial Function and Metabolism https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34504870/
  20. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_in_biology
  21. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CMR.00125-18
  22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4556990/
  23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4556990/
  24. Copper Toxicity Is Not Just Oxidative Damage: Zinc Systems and Insight from Wilson Disease https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33804693/
  25. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_in_biology
  26. Copper Toxicity: A Comprehensive Study https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272476283_Copper_Toxicity_A_Comprehensive_Study
  27. Copper sulphate poisoning, which is mostly suicidal https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27791043_Acute_ingestion_of_copper_sulphate_A_review_on_its_clinical_manifestations_and_management/link/0c96051a5578763ce7000000/download

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is copper bisglycinate good for?

It is good for correcting a copper deficiency and supporting overall health. Its main benefits include boosting energy, supporting the immune system, improving skin and bone health (via collagen), regulating iron metabolism, and balancing high zinc intake.

Is copper glycinate the same as copper bisglycinate?

Yes. The terms are often used interchangeably. “Bis” simply means “two,” referring to the two glycine molecules attached to the copper ion. Both terms refer to the same highly bioavailable, chelated form.

Why is copper bisglycinate better than copper sulfate?

Copper bisglycinate is a chelated, organic form, while copper sulfate is an inorganic salt. The chelation in bisglycinate protects the copper, leading to significantly higher absorption and bioavailability. It is also much gentler on the stomach.

When is the best time to take copper bisglycinate?

Because it is chelated and gentle, it can be taken with or without food. Though it is recommended to take it with food, ideally protein.